B. Systolic and diastolic
Explanation: The two numbers in a blood pressure reading represent the pressure exerted by the blood against the artery walls. The first (top) number is the systolic pressure, which measures the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats. The second (bottom) number is the diastolic pressure, which measures the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats.
C. Maintaining a healthy weight
Explanation: Maintaining a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular exercise is one of the most effective lifestyle changes to lower high blood pressure. Excess weight can strain the heart and lead to hypertension.
A. It often has no noticeable symptoms
Explanation: High blood pressure often has no obvious symptoms, which is why it's called the "silent killer." Many people with hypertension are unaware of their condition until they experience a serious health event like a heart attack or stroke.
B. High blood pressure
Explanation: High blood pressure is a significant risk factor for stroke. It can damage blood vessels in the brain, leading to the formation of blood clots or weakened vessels that may rupture, causing a stroke.
B. Every year
Explanation: Adults should have their blood pressure checked at least once a year as part of routine health monitoring. Individuals with high blood pressure or other risk factors may need more frequent checks as advised by their healthcare provider.
B. Heart attack and stroke
Explanation: Untreated high blood pressure can lead to serious health complications, including an increased risk of heart attack, stroke, heart failure, kidney disease, and vision problems.
B. 130-139 / 80-89 mmHg
Explanation: Stage 1 hypertension is defined by systolic blood pressure readings of 130-139 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure readings of 80-89 mmHg.
B. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Explanation: The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is a key mechanism in regulating blood pressure by controlling blood volume and systemic vascular resistance.
B. Controlling blood volume through sodium and water balance
Explanation: The kidneys help regulate blood pressure by controlling blood volume through the excretion of excess sodium and water, which affects blood volume and systemic vascular resistance.
C. By weakening blood vessels in the brain, leading to rupture or blockage
Explanation: High blood pressure can damage the blood vessels in the brain, making them more prone to rupture or blockage, which can lead to a stroke. Additionally, hypertension increases the risk of developing blood clots, further increasing the risk of stroke.
C. Unusual fatigue, dizziness, discomfort in the upper body, and/or chest pain
Explanation: Women may experience different heart attack symptoms than men, including unusual fatigue, dizziness, and discomfort in areas such as the neck, jaw, shoulder, upper back, or abdomen, in addition to the classic chest pain.
